In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.
Other examples of the gerund:
- I like swimming. (direct object)
- Swimming is fun. (subject)
- I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)
- She is considering having a holiday.
- Do you feel like going out?
- I can't help falling in love with you.
- I can't stand not seeing you.
*Present
The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer.
Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six
*Past Participle as Adjective
Past participle adjective is :
- indicates a past or completed action or time
- is formed from a verbusing the perfect aspect and the passive voice
- does not take objectan
- is often called the -ed form
- often has the same form as the simple past of the verb
- The bored student.
- The confused class. (all the students)
- The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)
- The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)
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