Example words :
- (I think/I really think) you need to/must/should ...
- How about ...?
- It is usually a good idea to ...
- My suggestion/advice is (to) ...
- Why don't you ...?
- You could (try) ...
- You probably/definitely/really should ...
Sabtu, 24 November 2012
Giving Advice
Is an opinion about what could or should be done about a situation or problem.
Example words :
Example words :
Kamis, 22 November 2012
Gerunds, Present, and Past Participle as Adjective
*Gerunds
In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.
Other examples of the gerund:
*Present
The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer.
Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six
*Past Participle as Adjective
Past participle adjective is :
In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.
Other examples of the gerund:
- I like swimming. (direct object)
- Swimming is fun. (subject)
- I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)
- She is considering having a holiday.
- Do you feel like going out?
- I can't help falling in love with you.
- I can't stand not seeing you.
*Present
The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer.
Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six
*Past Participle as Adjective
Past participle adjective is :
- indicates a past or completed action or time
- is formed from a verbusing the perfect aspect and the passive voice
- does not take objectan
- is often called the -ed form
- often has the same form as the simple past of the verb
- The bored student.
- The confused class. (all the students)
- The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)
- The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)
Granting Request
There are many ways of giving
advice in English. Here are some of the more common expressions.
"If I were you, I would…"
"If I were you, I would…"
"Have you thought about…"
"You really ought to…" ('ought' is
pronounced 'ort')
"Why don't you…"
"In your position, I would…"
"You should perhaps…"
"You could always…"
Examples
If someone says "I'm having problems
learning English", you could say:
"If I were you, I'd sign up for an English
course."
"Have you thought about going to the UK for
a couple of weeks?"
"You really ought to watch English
television."
"Why don't you read more English
books?"
"In your position, I would try and practise
speaking English."
"You should perhaps look at the english-at-home.com
website."
"You could always get a penpal."
- Dialogue of expressing advice
Nanda has a problem. His girlfriend forbade him to
follow the singing competition in Palma. Then, Nanda asked to Resti in school,
how to solve the problem
Resti : Good morning, Nanda
Nanda : Good morning, Resti. (Looks confused)
Resti : How are you, Nanda
Nanda : I’m confused now.
Resti : Why?
Nanda : My girlfriend forbade me to follow the singing
competition. If you
were me, what would you tell her?
were me, what would you tell her?
Resti : I would say that the competition is very
important to you, and instead,
the prize of the competition would you give to her
the prize of the competition would you give to her
Nanda : That’s a good idea. I will do it. Thank you
very much, Resti. Now i want
to go to canteen. See you.
to go to canteen. See you.
Resti : You’re welcome. See you too.
*The Ilustration
In the story above, the girl says “Sure, I will.” It means that she is going to do what the boy asks.
Here are the other expressions of granting request.
Ok.
Certainly.
Alright.
Of course.
Right away.
Read more at: http://www.sekolahoke.com/2011/06/how-to-express-granting-request-cartoon.html
Copyright Sekolahoke.com - Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online di sekolahoke.com yuk! Klik aja http://www.sekolahoke.com/ Under Common Share Alike Atribution
Read more at: http://www.sekolahoke.com/2011/06/how-to-express-granting-request-cartoon.html
Copyright Sekolahoke.com - Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online di sekolahoke.com yuk! Klik aja http://www.sekolahoke.com/ Under Common Share Alike Atribution
In the story above, the girl says “Sure, I will.” It means that she is going to do what the boy asks.
Here are the other expressions of granting request.
Ok.
Certainly.
Alright.
Of course.
Right away.
Read more at: http://www.sekolahoke.com/2011/06/how-to-express-granting-request-cartoon.html
Copyright Sekolahoke.com - Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online di sekolahoke.com yuk! Klik aja http://www.sekolahoke.com/ Under Common Share Alike Atribution
Read more at: http://www.sekolahoke.com/2011/06/how-to-express-granting-request-cartoon.html
Copyright Sekolahoke.com - Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online di sekolahoke.com yuk! Klik aja http://www.sekolahoke.com/ Under Common Share Alike Atribution
Minggu, 18 November 2012
Expressing Relief and Pain
*Expressing Relief
Use to expressing our relief with something.
Example :
I’m very relieved to hear…Finally, it was over
I feel relieved
I feel much better
I’m glad it’s over
That’s a great relief
I’m extremely glad to hear…
Thank goodness for that
Marvellous
What a relief!
*Expressing Pain
Use to expressing our pain because of something.
Example :
Ouch!That was hurt
It is painful
It hurts me
I’ve got a backache/toothache/stomachache
I feel sore all over
My eyes hurt
Use to expressing our relief with something.
Example :
I’m very relieved to hear…Finally, it was over
I feel relieved
I feel much better
I’m glad it’s over
That’s a great relief
I’m extremely glad to hear…
Thank goodness for that
Marvellous
What a relief!
*Expressing Pain
Use to expressing our pain because of something.
Example :
Ouch!That was hurt
It is painful
It hurts me
I’ve got a backache/toothache/stomachache
I feel sore all over
My eyes hurt
Adjectives Clauses
A. Adjective clauses perform the same function in sentences that adjectives do: they modify nouns.
B. A sentence which contains one adjective clause and one independent clause is the result of combining two clauses which contain a repeated noun.
You can combine two independent clauses to make one sentence containing an adjective clause by following these steps:
1. You must have two clauses which contain a repeated noun (or pronoun, or noun and pronoun which refer to the same thing). Here are two examples:
C. The subordinators in adjective clauses are called relative pronouns.
1. These are the most important relative pronouns: who, whom, that, which.
These relative pronouns can be omitted when they are objects of verbs. When they are objects of prepositions, they can be omitted when they do not follow the preposition.
WHO replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb. In informal writing (but not in academic writing), it can be used as the object of a verb.
WHOM replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the object of a verb or preposition. It cannot be the subject of a verb.
WHICH replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition.
THAT replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people, animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition (but that cannot follow a preposition; whom, which, and whose are the only relative pronouns that can follow a preposition).
2. The following words can also be used as relative pronouns: whose, when, where.
WHOSE replaces possessive forms of nouns and pronouns (see WF11 and pro in Correction Symbols Two). It can refer to people, animals or things. It can be part of a subject or part of an object of a verb or preposition, but it cannot be a complete subject or object. Whose cannot be omitted. Here are examples with whose:
D. Adjective clauses can be restrictive or nonrestrictive.
1. A restrictive adjective clause contains information that is necessary to identify the noun it modifies. If a restrictive adjective clause is removed from a sentence, the meaning of the main clause changes. A restrictive adjective clause is not separated from the main clause by a comma or commas. Most adjective clauses are restrictive; all of the examples of adjective clauses above are restrictive. Here is another example:
E. Adjective clauses can often be reduced to phrases.
The relative pronoun (RP) must be the subject of the verb in the adjective clause. Adjective clauses can be reduced to phrases in two different ways depending on the verb in the adjective clause.
1. RP + BE = 0
The teacher has a car. (Car is a noun.)
It’s a new car. (New is an adjective which modifies car.)
The car that she is driving is not hers.
(That she is driving is an adjective clause which modifies car. It’s a clause because it has a subject (she) and a predicate (is driving); it’s an adjective clause because it modifies a noun.)
Note that adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify; adjective clauses always follow the nouns they modify.
B. A sentence which contains one adjective clause and one independent clause is the result of combining two clauses which contain a repeated noun.
You can combine two independent clauses to make one sentence containing an adjective clause by following these steps:
1. You must have two clauses which contain a repeated noun (or pronoun, or noun and pronoun which refer to the same thing). Here are two examples:
The book is on the table. + I like the book.
The man is here. + The man wants the book.2. Delete the repeated noun and replace it with a relative pronoun in the clause you want to make dependent. See C. below for information on relative pronouns.
The book is on the table. + I like which
The man is here. + who wants the book3. Move the relative pronoun to the beginning of its clause (if it is not already there). The clause is now an adjective clause.
The book is on the table. + which I like
The man is here. + who wants the book4. Put the adjective clause immediately after the noun phrase it modifies (the repeated noun):
The book which I like is on the table.
The man who wants the book is here.
C. The subordinators in adjective clauses are called relative pronouns.
1. These are the most important relative pronouns: who, whom, that, which.
These relative pronouns can be omitted when they are objects of verbs. When they are objects of prepositions, they can be omitted when they do not follow the preposition.
WHO replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb. In informal writing (but not in academic writing), it can be used as the object of a verb.
WHOM replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the object of a verb or preposition. It cannot be the subject of a verb.
WHICH replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition.
THAT replaces nouns and pronouns that refer to people, animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition (but that cannot follow a preposition; whom, which, and whose are the only relative pronouns that can follow a preposition).
2. The following words can also be used as relative pronouns: whose, when, where.
WHOSE replaces possessive forms of nouns and pronouns (see WF11 and pro in Correction Symbols Two). It can refer to people, animals or things. It can be part of a subject or part of an object of a verb or preposition, but it cannot be a complete subject or object. Whose cannot be omitted. Here are examples with whose:
The man is happy. + I found the man’s wallet. =
The man whose wallet I found is happy.
The girl is excited. + Her mother won the lottery. =
The girl whose mother won the lottery is excited.WHEN replaces a time (in + year, in + month, on + day,...). It cannot be a subject. It can be omitted. Here is an example with when:
I will never forget the day. + I graduated on that day.=
I will never forget the day when I graduated.The same meaning can be expressed in other ways:
I will never forget the day on which I graduated.
I will never forget the day that I graduated.
I will never forget the day I graduated.WHERE replaces a place (in + country, in + city, at + school,...). It cannot be a subject. It can be omitted but a preposition (at, in, to) usually must be added. Here is an example with where:
The building is new. + He works in the building. =
The building where he works is new.The same meaning can be expressed in other ways:
The building in which he works is new.
The building which he works in is new.
The building that he works in is new.
The building he works in is new.
D. Adjective clauses can be restrictive or nonrestrictive.
1. A restrictive adjective clause contains information that is necessary to identify the noun it modifies. If a restrictive adjective clause is removed from a sentence, the meaning of the main clause changes. A restrictive adjective clause is not separated from the main clause by a comma or commas. Most adjective clauses are restrictive; all of the examples of adjective clauses above are restrictive. Here is another example:
People who can’t swim should not jump into the ocean.2. A nonrestrictive adjective clause gives additional information about the noun it modifies but is not necessary to identify that noun. If a nonrestrictive adjective clause is removed from a sentence, the meaning of the main clause does not change. A nonrestrictive adjective clause is separated from the main clause by a comma or commas. The relative pronoun that cannot be used in nonrestrictive adjective clauses. The relative pronoun cannot be omitted from a nonrestrictive clause. Here is an example:
Billy, who couldn’t swim, should not have jumped into the ocean.
E. Adjective clauses can often be reduced to phrases.
The relative pronoun (RP) must be the subject of the verb in the adjective clause. Adjective clauses can be reduced to phrases in two different ways depending on the verb in the adjective clause.
1. RP + BE = 0
People who are living in glass houses should not throw stones. (clause)
People living in glass houses should not throw stones. (phrase)
Mary applied for a job that was advertised in the paper. (clause)
Mary applied for a job advertised in the paper. (phrase)2. RP + OTHER VERB (not BE) = OTHER VERB + ing
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.(clause)
People living in glass houses should not throw stones. (phrase)
Students who sit in the front row usually participate more. (clause)
Students sitting in the front row usually participate more. (phrase)
Report Text
Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysisGeneric Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Example Text
Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.
Analyzing on the Text :
Generic Structure analysis
General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus' body and habitual life
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing in group; the animal of platypus
conditional, logical connective; but, in the other hand
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc
Asking For and Giving Opinions
Now we learn about asking for and giving opinions.
Example :
*Asking for
Use to ask people argument/opinion
Example :
What’s your view/opinion?
What do you think/feel?
What about………………..?
How do you feel about…………..?
What is your reaction to………….?
Do you have any opinion on……..?
Don’t you think……..?(very polite)
What do you think about………..?
What are you feeling about………?
*Giving Opinion
Use to give our opinion/ our mindExample :
From where I stand,…………….
Well, to my mind…………….
I’m convinced that……………
I consider…………….
Langganan:
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